Ամիսներ շարունակ գաղտնի թվային տվյալների արտահոսք է թույլ տվել մուլտի-միլիարդ դոլար արժողությամբ Cloudflare նորաստեղծ ծառայությունը, որից օգտվում են ավելի քան 5.5 միլիոն վեբ-կայքեր:
Այս մասին առաջին անգամ խոսել է Google-ի Project Zero նախագծի մասնակից Թեվիս Օրմանդին (Tavis Ormandy): Անցյալ ուրբաթ Թեվիսը կապ է հաստատել Cloudflare ընկերության աշխատակիցների հետ՝ ներկայացնելով Cloudflare ընկերության կողմնակի սերվերներում (edge server) առկա մի խնդրի (խոցելիությունն ավելի ուշ ստացավ Cloudbleed անվանումը) մասին, ինչի պատճառով հնարավոր է կայքերից ստանալ այնպիսի գաղտնի թվային տվյալներ, ինչպիսիք են HTTP պրոտոկոլով փոխանցվող cookie-ները, HTTP POST մեթոդով սերվերից ստացված պատասխանի պարունակությունը և այլն: Սակայն խնդիրն ավելի է բարդացել, երբ կայքերից ստացված տվյալների մեծ մասը պահպանվել են նաև որոնողական համակարգերի արխիվներում (cache):
Մենք արագ հայտնաբերեցինք խնդիրը և անջատեցինք Cloudflare ծառայության երկրորդական ֆունկցիաները (email obfuscation, server-side excludes և automatic HTTPS rewrites), որոնք օգտագործում էին խոցելիություն պարունակող մոդուլը (HTML parser):
— նշվում է Cloudflare ընկերության զեկույցում
Արդյունքում Cloudbleed անվանումը ստացած անվտանգության խնդիրը լուրջ ազդեցություն թողեց մի շարք խոշոր ընկերությունների վրա, ներառյալ՝ Uber, Fitbit, 1Password, և OKCupid ըներությունները:
Իդեպ, այս խնդիրը չի շրջանցում նաև մոբայլ հավելվածները, քանի որ դրանց մեծ մասը ինտերնետ դիտարկիչի (web browser) նույն սկզբունքով են աշխատում:
Լավ, իսկ ի՞նչպես կարող եմ գտնել այն վտանգված կայքերի ցուցակը, որոնք օգտվում են Cloudflare ծառայությունից՝ վտանգելով իմ անձնական տվյալները:
Նշում՝ հետևյալ ցուցակը ներառում է նաև որոշ մոբայլ հավելվածներ, որոնք կարող են վտանգված լինել:
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- pens.am
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Ամփոփում
Նշված կայքերից օգտվելու դեպքում, խորհուրդ եմ տալիս փոխել Ձեր գաղտնաբառերը: Վերաթողարկեք Ձեր API բանալիները և համոզվեք, որ կարևոր հաշիվների համար կարգավորել եք երկու գործոնով (2FA) ինքնությունը հաստատող ֆունկցիան: Կարոև է հասկանալ, որ վտանգված են Cloudflare ծառայությունից օգտվող կայքերից յուրաքանչյուրը: Հետևաբար, ավելի լավ է հետևել խորհուրդներին և լինել անվտանգ, քան հետո զղջալ:
Հղումներ
- https://blog.cloudflare.com/incident-report-on-memory-leak-caused-by-cloudflare-parser-bug/
- https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1139
- https://github.com/pirate/sites-using-cloudflare/blob/master/README.md
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13718752
- http://doma.io/2017/02/24/list-of-affected-cloudbleed-domains.html
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